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Psychological biases significantly impact trading performance, regularly pushing even seasoned traders to make irrational decisions. A widely observed bias is selective information gathering, where traders actively look for information that aligns with their existing beliefs while overlooking data that challenges them. It commonly causes refusing to exit losing positions too long or missing opportunities because the trader is not open to new evidence.

A major psychological driver is pain of regret, which captures how the pain of losing is felt more intensely than the pleasure of gaining. This can cause traders to close profitable positions prematurely while refusing to cut losses, believing the market will turn around. Over time, this behavior wears down overall returns and exposes risk exposure.

Arrogance is also widespread among traders, following a string of successful trades. Assuming they control a special skill, they may ignore risk limits, trade too frequently, or ignore risk management rules. This often triggers substantial losses when the market inevitably shifts.

Mental reference points is another bias where traders cling to a specific price point, such as the original cost or a historical peak, and make decisions based on that reference rather than real-time data. This can hinder responsiveness to new information and trigger late closures or missed opportunities.

Social contagion is particularly dangerous in unstable markets. Traders may imitate popular moves into hot securities without verifying fundamentals, simply because others are buying. This can lead to buying at peaks and selling at troughs, the antithesis of disciplined strategy.

Emotional trading, driven by fear or greed, is arguably the deadliest of all. Fear can induce inaction during market downturns, while greed can lead to reckless bets. These feelings undermine disciplined strategies and compromise long-term success.

Identifying cognitive traps is the critical foundation toward breaking free from their grip. Keeping a trading journal to log rationale and the thought process helps identify patterns of irrational behavior. Implementing rigid protocols for تریدینگ پروفسور opening, closing, and sizing positions removes much of emotional decision making. Consistently analyzing results with an objective eye, and even consulting peers from other traders, can also reduce the influence of psychological biases.

At its core, successful trading is as much about controlling emotions as it is about studying price action or financials. Traders who acknowledge and strategically neutralize their mental traps are significantly more probable to achieve consistent results over time.